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Forward Deployed

Forward Deployed
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Enterprise use case and target architecture: observe and experiment

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From the Staff AI System Design course
By
Sourav Banerjee
Last updated
8 Nov 2026

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Follow Alice’s Request From Start to Finish

The interactive walkthrough adds direct step selection, Previous/Next, Reset, and blocked/uncertain branches to this complete static flow. This is a request explanation, not an executing model or production simulator.

Interactive lab: Enterprise use case and target architecture: request walkthrough. Open full screen (opens in a new tab)
DiagramDiagram

Sequence diagram. The full target rechecks current resource access and audits protected disclosure. A duplicate completed grounded request preserves the original answer/bundle and revalidates its original evidence. Release changes affect future operations rather than rewriting saved facts.

Step Responsible component Input and resulting state Failure or boundary to remember
1. Identify and place API Gateway and Identity/Policy Service Verified principal and trusted tenant resolve an allowed regional ingress Reject spoofed scope or wrong-region processing before protected data crosses the boundary
2. Inspect and admit AI App Service, operation store, admission Stable tenant/user/key identifies new work or a duplicate; queues/deadlines are bounded A conflicting payload rejects; a duplicate is inspection/replay, not a new model attempt
3. Gather evidence Retrieval with current policy and Metadata DB Read current permitted versioned passages, such as supplier-policy:v1:c0 Deleted, stale, or forbidden content cannot enter model context; no evidence means no grounded policy answer
4. Select and reserve Model Gateway, approved release and shared budget guard Bind model/route/configuration and reserve finite request/token/slot capacity before dispatch An unapproved or unavailable route does not become eligible because another endpoint is healthy
5. Generate Approved serving adapter Send permitted context and bounded output request through the approved provider path A lost response can mean the provider already executed and charged; do not automatically call another model
6. Commit Operation/result store Save known answer, original bundle, and source references before saved success A failed final write cannot acknowledge a completed saved result
7. Reopen and observe Scoped history, current policy, audit and Telemetry Alice reopens the permitted result; operations correlate outcome and usage evidence Another tenant cannot read it; protected replay may be blocked after original-source access is revoked

For the example policy, the answer should explain that Alice needs written supplier confirmation before promising a delivery date. Its source reference identifies the exact policy passage. The draft can ask the supplier for that confirmation. The model must not invent a confirmed date merely because the output schema is valid. Citations identify evidence; checking whether the answer follows that evidence still needs evaluation.

The Supporting Flows That Make This Possible

Flow End-to-end path Connection to Alice’s request
Document change Approved source event; durable ingestion job; bounded parser/extractor; immutable versioned passages; current metadata/tombstone; published index Supplies current permitted evidence. A deletion or newer version must invalidate old visibility even if cached text remains
Prompt or model release Frozen task/safety cases; immutable prompt/retriever/model configuration; bound evaluation report; trusted approval; eligible canary; controlled release pointer Supplies the specific approved behaviour bundle used by new requests. Rollback keeps current access and saved-result identity
Optional customisation Separately approved training data; immutable dataset splits; pinned base/recipe; training/checkpoints; candidate registry; evaluation/approval; existing serving gate Attempts to improve stable behaviour after simpler options fail. It does not replace retrieval for changing facts or permissions
Regional outage Detect failure; fence old writer; check allowed destination/current policy/audit; verify copies/artefacts/capacity; promote once; reconcile uncertain operations Restores only eligible service. If no allowed region is safe, return unavailable rather than route A/B content to C’s US cell
New internal application Named app owner; versioned manifest; contract checks; eligible read-only shadow; pilot; generation-checked cutover; observe; eligible reversal Reuses the supplier platform while the app team still owns task behaviour and outcomes

A Capacity Preview With Correct Units

Use T18.12’s recovery scenario as a preview, not a new benchmark. At 60 requests/second and 1,000 budgeted tokens/request, token demand is 60 ×1,000×60 =3.6 million tokens/minute. At two assumed active seconds/request, the steady-state active-slot estimate is 60×2 =120. A bigger application fleet cannot fix a provider quota below the required token budget.

If one app replica supports an assumed 20 requests/second and we plan at 70% utilisation, it supplies 14 planned requests/second. The app calculation is ceil(60/14)=5 replicas. We still need sufficient database/search capacity, provider request quota, token quota, active slots, and ready model capacity. The later lessons teach those independent bottlenecks and the limits of this arithmetic.

Checkpoint: The Saved Acknowledgement Was Lost

The model returned an answer, but Alice’s browser did not receive saved success. Should she submit a new key and switch providers?

Reveal after answering

Inspect the original operation using its stable scoped identity. If the answer committed, return the existing permitted result. If the remote outcome or final commit is uncertain, preserve that state and reconcile it. A new key or provider can duplicate work and cost without resolving the original outcome.

Key Takeaways

  • Alice's request passes identity and region checks, bounded admission, retrieval of current permitted versions and an approved model route with a reserved budget. The answer commits before saved success, and with no permitted current evidence the platform refuses a grounded answer.
  • A lost response can mean the provider already executed and charged. Inspect the original operation by its stable scoped key, because a new key or another provider duplicates work and cost without resolving the original outcome.
  • At 60 requests/second and 1,000 tokens per request, token demand is 3.6 million tokens a minute, and two active seconds per request need about 120 slots. A bigger application fleet cannot fix a provider token quota below that.
  • One replica at an assumed 20 requests/second, planned at 70% utilisation, supplies 14, so 60 requests/second needs five replicas. Database, search, request quota, token quota and ready model capacity remain separate bottlenecks.

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